本集課程重點包括：

一、《詩經》有幾篇？

傳說以前的《詩經》有三千多篇，後來孔子刪訂為三百一十一篇，其中六篇只有篇名沒有詩詞，所以實際上是三百零五篇，取其整數，稱為「詩三百」。

二、《詩經》的由來

周朝天子有採詩官到各地去採詩，藉此了解地方風俗。天子或者國君，只要讀詩、聽詩，就可以知道各地民情，以及他辦政治的得失。如果詩表現的是風俗淳厚，代表政治清明、教育成功、可以培養人才。孔子刪訂了這些詩，成為《詩經》。

三、能否用一句話來概括《詩經》的內涵？

孔子說「思無邪」可以概括《詩經》的內涵。思，是語助詞，沒有意義。邪，讀「虛」，因為此處邪跟虛相通，無虛，就是沒有空虛，表示這些詩都是詩人真情流露之作，不空虛。

四、孔子讀書可以掌握旨趣

詩的旨趣就是溫柔敦厚，就是真情流露，能替人家著想，六經都有其旨趣，孔子讀書能掌握中心思想，這也是他跟一般人讀書不一樣的地方。

為政篇第二章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：詩三百，一言以蔽之，曰：「思無邪。」

【字詞解釋】
蔽：ㄅㄧˋ，總括。
邪：ㄒㄩ。《論語講要》：程氏樹德《論語集釋》引《項氏家說》解釋，思無邪的思字是語助辭。又引鄭氏浩《論語集注述要》，考據《詩經．國風．邶國．北風篇》裡「其虛其邪」句，漢人引用多作「其虛其徐。」邪徐二字古時通用。《詩傳》「虛，虛徐也。」二字是一個意思。

【白話解釋】
孔子說：詩經三百篇，可以總括在一句詩裡，就是思無邪。思無邪是詩經魯頌駉篇的一句詩文，孔子引來總括三百篇詩的意義。思無邪即無虛之意。依此解釋，三百篇詩的本義，都是真情流露之作。

【章旨】
范氏曰：「學者必務知要，知要則能守約，守約則足以盡博矣！」

《論語講要》原文

孔子說，詩，三百篇，可用一句詩來概括，就是思無邪。

「詩三百。」詩是詩經，也就是後來由毛亨作傳的毛詩，古時通常只稱為詩。詩經有三百十一篇，其中有六篇只有篇目，而無詩辭，實際為三百零五篇。據史記孔子世家說，古者詩有三千餘篇，後經孔子刪定為三百零五篇。此處「詩三百」是取整數而言。漢書藝文志說：「古有采詩之官，王者所以觀風俗、知得失、自考正也。孔子純取周詩，上采殷，下取魯，凡三百五篇。」

「一言以蔽之。」一言，就是一句。蔽字，古注不一。包說一言以當之。鄭說一言以塞之。韓李論語筆解一言以斷之。朱子說一言以蓋之。為求容易了解，可作概括講，也就是總括的意思。三百篇詩的要義，可以總括在一句詩裡。這句詩就是思無邪。

「思無邪。」這是詩經魯頌駉篇的一句詩。孔子引來總括三百篇詩的意義。程氏樹德論語集釋引項氏家說解釋，思無邪的思字是語助辭。又引鄭氏浩論語集注述要，考據詩經國風邶國北風篇裡「其虛其邪」句，漢人引用多作「其虛其徐。」邪徐二字古時通用。詩傳「虛，虛徐也。」二字是一個意思。因此，駉篇思無邪，就是無虛。依此解釋，三百篇詩的本義，都是真情流露之作。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects

19.Book 2 Wei Zheng (Of Governance), Chapter 2

    The Master said, “In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence – ‘Having no depraved thoughts.’”

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. How many chapters are there in the Book of Poetry (Shijing)?

   It was said that the Book of Poetry was previously a collection made up of originally some 3,000 oldest poems. Confucius chose and deleted some of those 3,000 pieces, then compiled and selected the best 311 poems out of the messy stack. Due to its antiquity, among the 311 poems, six poems had titles but no verses, so it actually has 305 poems. To make it easy, the Book of Poetry is said to be “the poetry of 300 [pieces].”

2. The Origin of the Book of Poetry

  At that time, Kings of Zhou dynasty appointed officials to gather and document verses current from the various states of the empire (royal officials collecting poems). Upon hearing or reading the poems collected, the general situations of the states and about the feelings of people are revealed. The kind undertone of the poems with an air of honest social customs and mores revealed good governance in the areas. The atmosphere was created by a clean government which valued education and succeeded in cultivating its people. Confucius reviewed these poems, made final editorial decisions to eliminate from or to include into the Book of Poetry.

3. Can the thematic concept of the Book of Poetry be concluded into one sentence?

  Confucius concluded: “having no deprived thoughts” to be the thematic concept running through the Book of Poetry. “Si思” is a form word in classical Chinese and without any meanings. “Xie 邪”, should pronounce as “Xu 虛”, literally the word邪has the same meaning of “Xu 虛” which stands for something “empty, groundless or deceptive” in nature. Not being “Xu” is without devoid, indicating that these poems are authors’ true feelings, without disguise.

4. Confucius can master the interest of his studies

  The thematic concept of the poems in the Book is “to express true feelings in gentle honest way,” trying not to embarrass or irritate others or to arouse ill-feelings. The Six Classics, all had their thematic concepts of their own. This showed that Confucius was good at apprehending the central concepts essential to his studies. The ability made him outstood other philosophers.