本集課程重點包括：

一、做事情要很在意，對百姓要有信用

本章是講治理大國的方法，領導人「敬事」，就是對於事情要很在意，這樣屬下才會認真辦事，百姓才能安居樂業。所頒布的政策，無論對內對外，都要講信用，有信用人民才有信心，願意給予擁護。所謂是：「自古皆有死，民無信不立」。

二、節用能守財，動機是愛民

領導者節約用度，可以帶動良好的風氣，避免浪費，以備不時之需，這樣的做法心態都是為了愛護人民，如同父母愛護子女。

三、徵用百姓要講究時機

使民以時就是時機的講究，古代要避開農忙，今日徵用民力，同樣也要注意人民生活的維護。

學而篇第五章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：道千乘之國，敬事而信，節用而愛人，使民以時。

【字詞解釋】

道：ㄉㄠˋ亦讀ㄉㄠˇ，治理之意。

乘：ㄕㄥˋ，兵車。

【白話解釋】

    孔子說：治理一個擁有千輛兵車的大國家，有五種治國的要道。首先辦理國家大事，要非常謹慎。再者，對百姓要有信用，人民才能信服。三者，雖富有一國之財，然而財物出自民間，必須節儉使用，節用物力則能足食。四者，雖貴居民上，然知民間疾苦，不可驕慢，要時時刻刻把人民放在心上，愛護他們。五者，要知道農工商民各有忙時，不在其忙時役使人民，如此則能足兵。

【章旨】

    此章是孔子論治國之大要，領導之方針。

《論語講要》原文

    此說國家大事。道，包咸注作治字講。乘，音勝，兵車也。古時能出千輛兵車，謂之大國。治大國有五種要道。敬事者，事為國事，敬為謹慎。信者誠信。為國者必須舉事敬慎，與民誠信。財物出自民間，必須節用。大學云：「生之者眾，食之者寡，為之者疾，用之者舒，則財恆足矣。」此為理財之要。愛人者，知民之疾苦，愛養之也。使民以時者，農工商民各有忙時，不在其忙時使之也。敬事而信，則民悅服。節用物力則足食。愛人、使民以時，則足兵。敬事、誠信、節用、愛人、使民以時，具此五者，方能治國。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects   

6.Book 1 Xue Er (On Learning), Chapter 5

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. A mindful state-ruler should has high creditability among the populace.

  This chapter is about fundamental principles for the governance of a large state. A state leader “respects” his position and has reverent attention to state affairs. His subordinates will then take it seriously to strive for the well-being of the general populace. Policies promulgated must be effective both in and out of the state. A trustful state can get unstinting supports from its people. There is a saying goes: “From ancient times, death has come to all men, but [it is even truer that if] people do not trust their government, the state will not stand.”

2. Economized state budget for the good of the people.

   Economy in expenditure of a state leader will set a good example for the common practice of avoiding waste, and saving money for a rainy day. The policy is to protect the people, just as parents love their children.

3. To levy civilians’ prescribed state services should be well-timed

  A government shall be particular about the levy of civilian-laborers for prescribed state service or projects, to avoid services during busy farming season is a must. Such requests have to postpone after farming high time. In ancient times, the requests would rather levy in farming low season. Today, in the same way, a government must pay attention to and take people’s livelihood into every consideration.