孔子聖蹟圖（孔子的故事）：(十三)夾谷會齊

周敬王二十一年，魯定公十一年春天，齊國與魯國國君會盟於夾谷，這是兩國外交上的一場角力，比文事也比武備。魯國國力弱於齊國，卻能在孔子的安排與折衝之下，獲得空前的勝利。

此幅夾谷會齊圖，乃周敬王二十一年，魯定公十一年，西元前四九九年，孔子年五十三歲，這年春天，齊魯兩國的諸侯會盟於夾谷，就是現今山東省萊蕪縣南夾谷峽，孔子當時正擔任魯國大司寇的官職，魯定公以孔子知禮，故使他兼代會盟的相禮者，會中獻酬禮畢，齊國官員黎鉏大夫請奏四方之樂，孔子進言說：齊魯會盟，兩君修好，奏此粗蠻的夷狄之樂甚為不妥，請撤去；而後齊國又奏宮中之樂，孔子又聲言：匹夫熒惑諸侯者，罪當誅。使齊景公深受挫辱而有慚色，於是將前所侵佔魯國之土地歸還魯國以謝過。
圖中戴著官帽，正氣凜然，阻止樂工奏樂者，即是魯國相禮者孔子，台上篷內同戴官帽者，左為魯定公，右邊則為齊景公，景公旁的大夫為高昭子，至於樂工旁站的兩位大夫，其中一位必是發號奏樂的齊國大夫黎鉏，齊國想要在會盟上劫持魯君，然而孔子早有防備。
圖中兩邊軍旗，代表兩國各派軍隊保護君上，但魯國布署的兵力優於齊國，齊景公輸了裡子，也輸了面子，只有將皸、酄、龜陰三地歸還給魯國以彌補過失。夾谷之會，孔子不論在言詞、風采等文事，乃至武備上全佔上風，是魯國外交上空前的勝利，此時孔子正是政治實力達到了顛峰。

13. Lu Diplomatic triumph over Qi state at the Jiagu Valley
The painting is about a diplomatic meeting between dukes of Lu and Qi at the Jiagu Valley. In the 21st year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty; i.e. the 11th year of Duke Ding of Lu; 499 B.C. Kong Zi was 53 years old. It was springtime when the duke of Qi and Lu held a good-will conference in Jiagu—is nowadays’ Valley of Jiagu, south of the Laiwu County, Shandong Province. As Lu’s minister of justice, Confucius was appointed by Duke Ding as the chief of protocol at the diplomatic occasion because of his knowledge about rituals. After exchanging state gifts, Minister Li Chu of Qi requested for the play of Music of the Wild. Confucius explained away the savage music for it was not suitable to be played at a good-will mission which meant to amend broken relationship between states. He requested to dismiss Qi the play of music of the wild. Qi then performed the Music of the Harem. Confucius dismissed the band again and warned that anyone attempted to mislead the proceedings of a friendly state meeting should be executed on spot. The offensive acts against diplomatic protocol performed on the side of Qi state had deeply humiliated Qi’s Duke Jing. He found his disgrace could only be requited by returning Lu lands Qi once occupied as a token of apology. As protocol chief, Confucius was strict. He raised his right hand and made a gesture to stop the music played. Inside the tent, both of the dukes are both wearing formal hats, Lu Duke Ding was seated on the left. Qi Duke Jing sat on the right who had Minister Gao Zhao-zi by his side. Minister Li Chu ought to be one of the two persons stood beside the musicians. Qi state had fabricated a plot to extort Lu by force and to kidnap its duke in the meeting. However, Confucius aware of Qi’s insincerity and be prepared for the situation. In fact, troops of Lu and Qi were deployed in the vicinities in order to protect their liege dukes. But Lu’s troops were in a high hand position to better control in rivalry. Qi Duke Jing suffered the loss of face and the losses of lands by returning Lu the Jun, Huan and Qiuyin as a compensation for his minister representing the state of Qi had put the meeting in jeopardy. In the Jiagu meeting, Confucius showed that he was a great diplomat, excelled and understood what was being said between the lines; a great strategist who orchestrated the triumph of Lu over Qi. The event signified the peak of Confucius’s political career. 

13.夹谷会斉図
この夹谷会斉図は即ち周敬王二十一年、魯定公十一年、紀元前四九九年で、孔子五十三歳の時です。この年の春、斉と魯の両国の諸侯が夹谷（今の山東省莱蕪県南夹谷狭）で会盟しました。孔子は当時魯国の大司寇の官職に就いていて、魯定公は孔子が礼に精通していることから、会盟の相礼者を兼任させました。会議は献酬礼が終わり、斉国の役人黎鉏大夫が四方の楽演奏を要請した時、孔子は｢斉と魯が会盟して両君が修好した場面で、このような野蛮な夷狄の音楽を演奏することは、甚だふさわしくない、撤去して欲しい｣と進言しました。その後、斉国が再び宮中の音楽を演奏したので、孔子はまた｢匹夫が諸侯を惑わし、罪は誅罰に当たる｣と公言しました。これに斉景公は深い挫折を覚えて恥ずかしく思い、以前魯国に侵略して占拠した土地を魯国に謝罪として、返還しました。
絵の中で役人の冠をかぶり、正しい気風を凛然とさせ、楽師の演奏を阻止しているのが魯国の相礼者である孔子です。台上のテントの中で同じように、役人の冠をかぶっているのは左が魯定公、右が斉景公で、景公の横の大夫が高昭子、また楽師の横に立っている二人の大夫のうち、一人は演奏を号令した斉国の大夫の黎鉏でしょう。斉国は会盟で魯の君主を捕らえようと考えていましたが、孔子は早くから防備していました。
絵の両側の軍旗は両国が派遣した軍隊が、君主を保護していることを表していますが、魯国が配置した兵力は斉国に優り、斉景公は内面で負け、また面子でも負けて、皸、酄、亀陰の三地区を魯国に返還して、過失を埋め合わせるしかありませんでした。夹谷の会で、孔子は言論や風采等の文事に限らず、軍備上でも全て優位に立ち、魯国の外交上で空前の勝利を収めました。この時、孔子はまさに政治の実力がピークに達しました。