孔子聖蹟圖(孔子的故事):(四)職司委吏
孔子二十歲時獲得推薦,擔任管理倉庫糧食與財務出納的小官,孔子年輕時的工作態度、工作精神以及工作成效,可以從本課程的學習中得知。
此幅職司委吏圖 ,乃周景王十三年,魯昭公十年,公元前五三二年,孔子二十歲時,由南宮敬叔的推薦,得到魯國權貴孟僖子的委派,出任委吏之職,就是管理倉庫的糧食與財務的出納,畫中端坐几席之上頭戴官帽的年輕人就是孔子,手上的竹簡是收租或收購米糧的帳冊。
一方面是國家例行徵收田賦,一方面是老百姓在豐收時,過多的米糧由官府收購,避免米糧生產過剩,米賤傷農,萬一米糧生產不足,價格上漲時,官府就釋出米糧平抑物價,達到調節供需及物價的功能。
孔子被任命為主管收租與收購糧草的主管,在當時雖是個小官,但是孔子力求公平合理的徵收田糧。
畫中的柳樹枯枝及楓葉表徵秋天,孔子的身旁站著一位當差,他們看著農夫運進來的米糧,經過量器公正的斗量,核實的統計,裝入米袋之後,由僱工背送入倉庫。
此圖表徵孔子忠於職守,辦事認真,深獲長官的信賴與支持,以及農戶的合作,因此成效卓著,初試啼聲就展現出他為政的長才。
4.Granary-keeper
The painting is about Confucius as granary-keeper. In the 13rd year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty; i.e. the 10th year of Duke Zhao of Lu; 532 B.C. Kong Zi was 20 years old. Confucius was recommended by Nangong Jing-shu to become the wei-li for the powerful viscount Xi-zi of the Meng family. Wei-li was in fact granary-keeper, book-keeper and cashier at the same time. In the painting, Confucius is the young man who sits on the raised platform wearing an official hat, with bamboo strips bookkept the records of the granary transactions—purchases and sales of grains. It recorded land tax collected, the purchases of excess grains produced in good harvest by the government to prevent the market price of grains to plummet and the sales of government stored grains to prevent market price to rocket in bad year when harvest yield was low. This is to prevent price fluctuations in people daily necessities, to moderate the difference between supply and demand and to stabilize market price by administrative policy. Confucius was appointed bookkeeper of land tax collected and buyer of staples. Even though it was a petit position, Confucius tried his best to be fair and reasonable in doing his job. The withered branches of willows and maple leaves depicted an autumn scene. A servant is waiting on Confucius, both of them overseeing the farmers transporting the grains to be weighed, measured and recorded correctly; which were then packed and transported into the government granary by the coolies. The painting depicted what a responsible person Confucius is, to be serious, reliable and respectable subordinate to his superiors, and a trustful person for the farmers. He accomplished his job with honor, and is the first step to reveal his great capacities and talents to be a statesman.
4.職司委吏図
この職司委吏図は、即ち周景王十三年、魯昭公十年、紀元前五三二年のことです。孔子は二十歳の時、南宮 敬叔の推薦により、魯国の権力者孟僖子の任命を得て、委吏の職に就きました。これは倉庫の糧食と財務の出納を管理する職で、絵の中で机に座り、役人の冠をかぶっている若者が孔子です。手に持っている竹簡は、税収或いは米糧購入の帳簿です。
一方で国家恒例の土地税を徴収し、一方で一般の人々が豊作の時に、余分な米糧を政府が購入して、米糧生産過剰による米価下落で、農民が生活苦になるのを防ぎ、万一米糧の生産不足で、米価が高騰した時に、政府が米量を放出して物価を抑え、需給と物価を調節する機能を果たします。
孔子は税収と米糧購入を管理する責任者に任命されました。当時は小役人でしたが、孔子は公平で合理的な土地税糧食徴収に努めました。
絵の中の柳の枯れ枝や楓は、秋を象徴しています。孔子の横には下級役人が立ち、彼らは農民が運んできた米糧を検査し、はかりで公平に計量して、確実に統計した後、米袋に入れて、使用人が背負って倉庫に運び入れます
この絵は孔子が職務に忠実で、まじめに仕事をしていることで、上司の信頼と支持を得て、また農民と協力していることから、その功績が卓越し、初めての任官ながら施政の才能を発揮していることを表しています。