本集課程重點包括：

一、為政以德，德是品格也是能力

德以品德為核心，但是德還包括各項的能力。視人的能力、事理通達的能力、對時代了解的能力、帶動風氣的能力。所以為政者要不斷的進修，充實自己的內涵，也充實各種領域的知識。

二、譬如北辰是什麼意思？

為政以德的領導人就像北辰，北辰可以是北方的星體，也可以是北極星，或者是北極的天空。雪廬老人比較贊成是北極的天空，代表說為政的君王，就像這片天空，無為而治，被大家所圍繞。

三、眾星共之，就是領導人能得到民心

共是圍繞的意思，大臣跟人民圍繞著他，因為此人可以得到民心。他的為政是廉能的、專家的，是能引導風氣淳厚的，也是能夠體恤民情的，還能夠把老百姓充實為有能力的人才，所以大臣與人民，當然圍繞著他。

為政篇第一章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：為政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而眾星共之。

【字詞解釋】

共：ㄍㄨㄥˇ，圍繞。

【白話解釋】

孔子說：國家政治本於道德，辦政治要以德政為內涵，若政治的推行是合理且能利益民眾，則得人民擁護。就好像天空無星之處，空體不動，而眾星就在他的四周圍繞。空體譬如人君，眾星譬如大臣與人民。人君安居其所，而得臣民圍繞擁護，實由人君為政以德而然。中華文化尊重德行，無論國家領袖，機關首長，甚至為人家長者，皆應以德為本。

【章旨】

孔子藉天象為喻，說明德政之感化力。

《論語講要》原文

為政者，廣義指一切政治領導人，狹義指國家元首。政是政治，德是道德。國家政治本於道德，合理、利民，則得民眾擁護，譬如北辰之得眾星圍繞。古注或以北辰為星名，或謂非星，但表方位，即地球北極與天空相對之處。今採非星說。天空無星之處，空體不動，而眾星共之。空體譬如人君，眾星譬如大臣與人民。共拱通用，引申為圍繞。人君安居其所，而得臣民圍繞擁護，實由人君為政以德而然。中國文化尊重德性，無論國家領袖，機關首長，甚至為家長者，皆應以德為本。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects

18.Book 2 Wei Zheng (Of Governance), Chapter 1

The Master said, “He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.”

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. A ruler’s moral merits project to influence one’s rule. Virtue is a trait and a capacity.   

  Virtues, harnessed by good moral characters, would then translate into different kinds of abilities, the ability to know the profound qualities and character of a person, to be reasonable and sensible, to follow the pulses of present Age, and to facilitate positive social atmosphere. Therefore, a statesman shall never stop one’s urges to learn more and deeper, to nourish one’s inner virtues, and to foster interdisciplinary talents.

2. What is the meaning of as “compare to the North Pole Star—Beichen, Polaris?

  If a state rule leads the government by means of his virtues, he is then compared to the star Beichen (Stella Polaris) or stars in the northern sky. The Pole star situated at North Pole. It stands almost motionless on the sky, and all the stars of the Northern sky appear to rotate around it. Master Xuelu preferred the notion of Beichen as stars in the vast northern sky; Just as a ruler of virtues will resort to govern by doing nothing against Nature, and his ministers and populace would rotate around and support him constantly.

3. “All the stars in the northern sky rotate around Polaris or Beichen,” means that people groups round the revered leader who has all their support

  “共Gong” means stars revolve and rotate around one central star in a high up position in the sky. The state ruler is so popularly among his ministers and populace that he is always surrounded by them. His government is clean and effective, in which specialized functionaries are appointed, positive social atmosphere is facilitated and encouraged, bitterness of public grievances are observed and attended to. These fundamentals provide conditions for the promotion of proper education nationwide and the cultivation of talents for the use of a meritocratic government.