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10.慎終追遠第13課

本集課程重點包括:

一、慎終追遠的意義

    慎終就是謹慎臨命終,包括父母生前的照顧、病危的照顧,以及過世後如何送葬、守喪,圓滿孝道。追遠就是父母親死後超過三年,依禮列入歷代祖先的牌位,好好地追思與祭祀。

 

二、慎終追遠的效果

    中國是最講究孝道的民族,慎終追遠可以凝聚家庭跟家族的團結,領導人還能用這種方式教孝,上行下效,老百姓的德就歸於厚,厚道是從不忘本開始,不忘父母親的養育、教育之恩,一直往上推到他的祖先,並以祭祀來表徵內心對先祖的緬懷,自然後代子孫也會看在眼裡。國民厚道則國家和諧,百姓的向心力強,可以安住於工商百業,近悅遠來。

 

 

學而篇第九章白話解釋

【經文】

    曾子曰:慎終追遠,民德歸厚矣。

【白話解釋】

    曾子說:父母壽終時,須依喪禮,謹慎治理喪事。父母之喪,以哀戚為重。喪葬之後,須依禮依時追念祭祀,祭則必誠必敬,子子孫孫,都如此追遠祭祀,是為不忘本。國君若能謹慎地辦理父母的喪事,定期祭祀追念祖先,則上行下效,百姓便漸漸學會慎終追遠,人民的道德自然就歸於敦厚。

 

【章旨】

    曾子論敦厚民俗之道。即居上位的人要重視喪葬和祭祀,不可忘本,才能使社會風氣趨於淳厚。

 

 

《論語講要》原文

    孔安國注:「慎終者,喪盡其哀。追遠者,祭盡其敬。君能行此二者,民化其德,皆歸於厚也。」

    慎終者。慎是謹慎,終是壽終。父母壽終時,須依喪禮,謹慎治理喪事。父母之喪,以哀戚為重。故孔注云:「喪盡其哀。」

    追遠者。喪葬之後,須依禮依時追念祭祀。追遠之遠有二義。一為父母去世已經久遠,二為祖父母以至歷代祖先,距今已遠,皆須追祭以時,祭則必誠必敬。故孔注云:「祭盡其敬。」子子孫孫,如是追遠祭祀,是為不忘本。

    民德歸厚者。邢疏:「言君能行此慎終追遠二者,民化其德,皆歸厚矣。言不偷薄也。」聖賢施教,以孝為本。孝經:「子曰,夫孝,德之本也,教之所由生也。」此章「慎終追遠,民德歸厚」即是講孝道,厚德由行孝而來。

 

 

English

 

 

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects

 

8.Book 1 Xue Er (On Learning), Chapter 7

 

 

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. The meaning of “Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice”

 

“Be careful about parents to the end”; stands for carefully observes and attends to the needs of the parents when they are healthy and ill. The heart of caring shall be extended to after they passed away to cover ceremonies such as funerals and mourning period. This is considered part of the fulfillment of filial piety.

  “Let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice”; means continue in reverence the death of parents beyond the three-year mourning period with ancestral worshipping ceremonies. This is the kind of respect and homage descendants will pay for the family’s long gone ancestors. Parents’ names will be written on tablets and placed along other ancestral tablets in the clan temple, and rites of commemoration will carry out on regular base.

 

2. The good effect of “Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice”

  China is a country that values the filial piety most. People followed the filial piety of “careful attendance to parents to the end and continue in reverence after they are long gone” can unite a family and a clan. Leaders of state and nation prevailed filial piety by their own personal examples. The acts on the part of superiors to officials can educate the commoners in such a way that the commoners will learn how to practice filial piety and ancestral worship encourages the good nature of being grateful to their parents and showing gratitude for others. The sons learn ancestral worship from their fathers, and the practices will carry on from generation to generation. A true national harmony will be developed in the social level, and then transformed into national strengths in various forms, brings stability, happiness and prosperity to the people, and good name to the state and nation that can attract people from afar.



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