本集課程重點包括：

一、談話一整天，感情就是那麼好

  從本章可以看出孔子跟顏回的交情，孔子遇到顏回就是遇到知音，所以嘴巴停不了，可以說一整天，包括經義上的談論，或者心得上的報告，還有人情世故的解說、各種道理的闡述等。

二、不違如愚，其實大智若愚

  不違如愚就是呆呆的聽著，沒有違背我，沒有提出問題，也沒有疑惑的表情，就像通通聽不懂。但當孔子課後私下觀察發現，顏回其實是全盤接受。

三、顏淵還可以發揮孔子的未盡之意

  「亦足以發」，就是顏淵可以發揮孔子的未盡之意，包括把孔子很難懂的意思，用淺顯的道理、比喻去表現，或者把孔子所說的道理引申出去，讓大家有廣泛的了解。這裡面可以證明顏回是一個「聞一知十」的人才。

四、最深的師生情

  師生感情可以很融洽，可是像顏淵這樣了解孔子內心的想法，特別是經學上的見地，變成孔子的知音，這會比父子間的感情更深。

為政篇第八章白話解釋

【經文】

子曰：吾與回言終日，不違如愚。退而省其私，亦足以發。回也不愚。

【字詞解釋】

省：ㄒㄧㄥˇ，考察。

【白話解釋】

顏回，字子淵，又稱顏子、顏淵。春秋魯國人。孔門七十二賢之首。為孔門十哲中德行科之一。

孔子說：我與顏回談話一整天，顏回只是靜聽而無所怪問，好像愚者一樣不發一言。但談完話，顏回退出去之後，我省察他私下與其他弟子的言談，他能夠把在我這裡聽聞過的道理加以發揮、深層探討，可見他聽聞的時候是默而識之，聽在耳裡，記在心裡，對所聞義理順暢無礙。顏回，其實不愚。

【章旨】

此章是孔子讚美顏子之穎悟通達。

《論語講要》原文

孔安國注：「回，弟子，姓顏，名回，字子淵，魯人也。」

孔子說：「吾與回言終日，不違如愚。」孔子與顏回談話，談了一整天。顏回「不違，如愚。」不違就是毫無阻礙之意。孔子講，顏回聽，順暢無礙。顏回只在聽，不問一句話，好像愚人。孔安國注：「不違者，無所怪問，於孔子之言，默而識之，如愚。」

「退而省其私。亦足以發。回也不愚。」前說「如愚。」實非真愚。所以孔子又說，回退出之後，我省察他私與二三弟子言談，亦足以發揮所聞的義理。回也，其實不愚。孔安國注：「察其退還，與二三子說繹道義，發明大體，知其不愚。」

皇疏說：「諸弟子不解，故時或諮問。而顏回默識，故不問。不問，如愚者之不能問也。」諸弟子中或有認為，顏子不問，是愚者不能問。所以孔子讚美顏回不愚。顏子默而識之，寡言篤行，正是他人當學之處。所以孔子說顏回不違如愚。

English

Teacher Tang Yuling will accompany you to read The Analects 26

26.Book 2 Wei Zheng (Of Governance), Chapter 9

The Master said, “I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said - as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui! - He is not stupid.”

Highlights of this lecture include:

1. Talking with one another “for a whole day” , they must be very close

  This chapter revealed the close relationship between Kongzi and Yan Hui. Confucius took Yan Hui closer as Yan Hui understood his teachings to wholeheartedly. So when the teacher and the student had something to discuss, they could talk all day long. They talked over subjects about the meanings and themes depicted in the Classics, exchanges of opinions of what they have learned and practices in worldly wisdom, explanations of various truths, and so forth.

2. “[H]e has not made any objection to anything I said - as if he were stupid.” Actually, his wise was unrecognized and appeared stupid

  Yan Hui sat there quietly without expressing any objection or question to what the Master said, as if he didn’t understand a word. But when Confucius observed him privately, Yan Hui did know and fully and wholeheartedly understand Confucius’ teachings.

3. Yan Yuan was able to illustrate Confucius’s teachings and develop the topic by revealing the underlying meanings the Master conveyed.

  “[H]e was able to illustrate my teachings.” Yan Hui was able to express difficult ideas by plain truth and metaphors. He was able to illustrate Confucius’ teachings by extending the implicit meanings in a broader and understandable sense. This proved Yan Hui was a very talented student who “hears one point and knows all about a subject”

4. The teacher-student relationship was close and deep

  Most of the time, teachers-students relationship can be harmonious. But the understandings Yan Hui had for the Master was unique, especially about Confucius’ innermost thinking and ideals, and his sympathetic insights into the studies of Classics. These made Yan Hui the only disciple who was admired and prasied highly by Confucius. The relationship between the two was in fact as deep as father and son.